重點是＂美式＂音標沒有三元音。三元音只有＂英式音標＂才有。
美式沒有三元音，所以，丁宗同技巧性教導以＂雙元音＂來發音。
簡單來說，在三連音的形式中，我們不只取出一個雙元音，母音也可能轉為其他的音，而通常在變音的形式中如果是在同一音節，「三連音的母音中第一個母音會做降音（短母音發音形式），再搭配後方的假性母音或母音形成雙元音」。
在英語發音中，如果有連續三個音混合「母音與假性母音」時，則須視為三連音組合，而部分的三連音會發出「三元音」，有別於英式發音，美式發音並無三元音之發音，
舉例來說
英式發音 fire [faɪə]中，[aɪə]即是一個三元音，
而英式發音的三元音有三種符號，
分別是[aɪə]，[aʊə]， [ɔɪə]，
相對應的例子是 fire [faɪə]，hour [aʊə]，employer [ɪmˈploɪə]，
但在美式發音則發 fire [faɪr]，hour [aʊr]， employer [ɪmˈplɔɪə˞]；
英式的三元音代表當三個音一起發音時，最後一個音[ə]是以弱音形式發音且組合時較柔軟，但美式發音時發音須完整的發出來，如 fire [faɪr]中的[r]尾音近似於[ə˞]的音，也因此美式發音並沒有三元音。了解到美式與英式的不同後，
請記住在當三連音在美式發音時，
可取得一個雙元音或一個短母音+假性母音，
或者一個短母音+假性母音再加 一個弱母音做結尾。
這需要參考個別單字來練習。
以下所解釋都是英式音標。
雙元音與三元音關係圖
這個表展示以下三層關係
短母音／長母音
字母
單元音／雙元音／三元音
單元音/雙元音
在國際音標 (IPA) 中，單元音用一個字母表示，如[ʌ]。雙元音用兩個字母表示，如[aɪ]。
三元音
（triphthong）是一种复元音（compound vowel），又称三母音或三合复元音。在语音学中，指联合的三个元音，它们作为一个整体出现。之间有平滑的过渡，也就是说，三元音中的发音牵涉到三种不同的舌位，并且从其中一种舌位滑动到第二个舌位，最后才滑动到第三个舌位
October 1, 2019
Ruth 256
DIPHTHONG.
The word “diphthong” comes from the Greek and means “two sounds”. In Phonetics a diphthong is a vowel in which there is a noticeable sound change within the same syllable (A single or simple vowel is known as a monophthong).
The process of moving from one vowel sound to another is called gliding, which is why another name for a diphthong is a gliding vowel but they are also known as compound vowels: complex vowels or moving vowels.
The sound change that turns a single vowel into a diphthong is called diphthongization. Diphthongs are sometimes referred to as “long vowels” but this is misleading. While vowels and sounds do change in a diphthong, they do not necessarily take more time to say than a monophthong.
Examples of Diphthongs.
/eɪ/ as in day, pay, say, lay
/aɪ/ as in sky, buy, cry, tie
/ɔɪ/ as in boy, toy, coy or the first syllable of soya
/ɪə/ as in beer, pier, hear
/eə/ as in bear, pair, and hair
/ʊə/ as in tour, poor or the first syllable of tourist
/əʊ/ as in oh, no, so, or phone
/aʊ/ as in all the words of “How now brown cow!”
Transcription of Diphthongs
Diphthong Word Phonetic Transcription
/eɪ/ day /deɪ/
/aɪ/ tie /taɪ/
/ɔɪ/ toy /tɔɪ/
/ɪə/ hear /hɪə/
/eə/ hair /heə/
/ʊə/ poor /pʊə/
TRIPHTHONGS
• A triphthong is a glide from one vowel to another and the to a third, all produced rapidly and without interruption. For example, a careful pronunciation of the word ‘hour’ begins with a vowel quality similar to ‘ɑ:’, goes on to ‘ʊ’ then ends in ‘ə’.
• It says /aʊə/
• Triphthong : 5 closing diphthongs with ‘ə’ added on the end.
– eɪ + ə = eɪə . as in layer, player
– aɪ + ə = aɪə. as in lire, fire
– ɔɪ + ə = ɔɪə, as in loyal, royal
– əʊ + ə = əuə, as in lower, mower
– aʊ + ə = auə, as in power, hour.
Occurrence
A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable forming a simple or compound sound :also ,a union of three vowel characters representing together a single sound:a trigragh:as eye.-ieu in adieu.eau in beau,are examples of triphthongs.
Transcription of Triphthongs
Triphthong Word Phonetic Transcription
/eɪə/ player /peɪə/
/aɪə/ fire /faɪə/
/ɔɪə/ royal /rɔɪəl/
/əuə/ mower /məuə/
/auə/ hour /hauə/
References…
1.Nordquist.R(2019,July 08).Basic Grammar:What is a Diphthong?.Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/diphthong-phonetics-term.
2.English-EFL.(2014,February 24).English Dipthongs and Triphthongs.Retrieved from httpps://www.english-efl.com/English-diphtongs-and-triphtongs.
diphthongs和triphthongs有什麼區別？
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